(Sect. (b) Any carrier or intermediate handler shall only accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any marine mammal in a primary enclosure which conforms to the requirements set forth in section 3.113 of the standards:Provided, however,That any carrier or intermediate handler may accept for transport, in commerce, any marine mammal . if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate, signed by the consignor, stating that the primary enclosure complies with section 3.113 of the standards, unless such primary enclosure is obviously defective or damaged and it is apparent that it cannot reasonably be expected to contain the marine mammal without causing suffering or injury to such marine mammal. Much of the attention in the world of animal testing focuses on the potential for harm. (Sect. (b) "Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a nonhuman primate for transport in commerce unless they are provided with the name, address, telephone number, and telex number, if applicable, of the consignee." 2.2). Should animals be treated like humans, then? The Act is enforced by USDA , APHIS, Animal Care. let`s find out. Nature has a very delicate system that will cause a chain reaction if disturbed. The disadvantage with animal rights is that it equates animal life with human life. A copy of such certification shall accompany the shipment to destination. Section 3.60 Consignments to carriers and intermediate handlers. According to PETA, the largest animal rights organization in the world, more than 100 million animals are slaughtered in U.S. laboratories every year. (1) "Each dealer and exhibitor shall employ an attending veterinarian under formal arrangements. In 1635, a law was passed in Ireland where it is prohibited to pull wool off a sheep and for ploughs to be attached to a horses tail, referring to the act as the cruelty used to beasts. 3.136 (b)). Each dealer and exhibitor shall furnish any APHIS official any information concerning the business that the APHIS official may request in connection with the enforcement of the Act, regulations and standards. Breeders and dealers are required to meet the minimum standards of humaneanimalcare and treatment established by the AWA. (see definition in section 1.1). Animal testing is a controversial subject, with supporters pointing out the medical advances that have stemmed from animal research and animal rights activists declaring it cruel and immoral. (c) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a nonhuman primate for transport in commerce unless the consignor certifies in writing to the carrier or intermediate handler that the nonhuman primate was offered food and water during the 4 hours before delivery to the carrier or intermediate handler. This experimentation has been practiced since around 500 BCE, and has allowed the human race to discover many things that otherwise would have not been discovered (ProCon). The Animal Welfare Act 2006 defines "animal" as a 'vertebrate other than man,' and excludes animals in 'foetal or embryonic form." Key cruelty offences are largely limited to "protected" animals. Contribution to the understanding of animal behavior. Although animal research plays a crucial role in experiments focused on disease treatments and preventions, it is cruel, inhumane, and should be stopped. (Sect.2.76 (a)(1)-(8)). After all, pain leads to production losses which have major economic repercussions. The animals which are in testing facilities are fully vaccinated, provided food, water, and shelter, while being able to have a limited amount of . Drugs used to prevent and treat cancer, HIV, diabetes, and other serious conditions have all been tested on animals first. In 1966, Congress passed the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act (P.L. Extent of the Zoo Licensing Act 2.1 Section 1 makes clear that all zoos that are open to the public, with or without charge on seven or more days in a twelve-month period need a licence from their local authority to operate. These pet companions known as dogs are the most common victims of animal abuse and are accounting for 64.5% of all documented cruelty cases that are media reported (Dog Abuse). For this purpose of this Act, pet animal shall include birds. Our common objective when it comes to welfare is for a British racing industry with agreed, transparent, world-leading standards of equine care for the whole life of our horses; a commitment to innovate and make ongoing, measurable improvements based on clear evidence; delivered through a coherent, proactive strategy with the full engagement of Visit AWIC's Animal Welfare Audit and Certification Programs page to learn more. With much of our diet coming from animal muscle protein, such a legal structure would change the entire agricultural community and potentially create many more food deserts throughout the world. (Sect.2.132 (e)(2)). Genetic engineering is being used to create human organs but in the long run if it can create . Freedom from Discomfort - by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area. 3.14 (a)(6)). Records of all such test results shall be maintained by management for a 1-year period and must be made available for inspection purposes on request." Most opponents believe that animals do not have the same rights as humans, which means they will never be equal. (Sect. Other laws, policies, and guidelines may include additional species coverage or specifications for animal care and use, but all refer to the Animal . Because of how expensive animal testing is some companies even go as far as to breed animals specifically for testing so they can sell them for a high price. Ethics; ANS 150 Animal Welfare/Rights. Match. Section 3.14 Primary enclosures used to transport live dogs and cats. There is a proviso that field studies as defined in Part 1 are exempt from this requirement. After all, humans and certain species are extremely different, resulting in tests that are inconclusive. The records shall be in accordance with sections 2.75 and 2.76 unless the animals are lost or stray. (Sect. There is a huge difference between giving animals their rights which is less than human beings and not to give them rights at all. Created by. 3.13 (e)). Take a look at ourinteractive timeline! (Sect.2.78 (a)-(d)). Sections. The bill proposes animals should be in an environment which satisfies their basic physical and psychological needs. When using the high welfare methods it raises the price of eggs by 18% which is about 49 cents per dozen. Section numbers are provided for reference. (Sect. Generally, Animal Care (AC) ensures regulatory compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) primarily through the use of inspections. (Sect.2.76 (b)). Section 2.76 Records: Operators of auction sales and brokers. In 2011, Greyhound trainer Robbie Williams was arrested for the deaths of 37 greyhounds (Kitzmiller). (b) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a dog or cat for transport in commerce unless they are provided with the name, address and telephone number of the consignee. (Sect. Advancement of agricultural research. 3.14 (h)). 2.1 (e)(1)). Unless the basis for exemption is a permanent condition, the exemption must be reviewed at least every 30 days by the attending veterinarian." 3.101 (b)). In the context of applications of genetic engineering in human life, misuse of this technology in the production of biological warfare or weapons is a very major disadvantage. 2.11 Conclusions and implications. It would be even more immoral if test subjects used are humans themselves. The first four domains focus . (Sect. Instructions for administration of drugs, medication, and other special care must be attached to each primary enclosure in a manner that makes them easy to notice, to detach for examination, and to reattach securely. Licensing or registration of activities. The primary animal protection legislation is the Welfare of Animals Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 ('the 2011 Act'), and the Animal Health and Welfare Act 2013. Not sure where to start in our digital collection? Animals make good research subjects for a variety of reasons. (b) Any dealer, research facility or exhibitor offering any dog or cat to a carrier or intermediate handler for transportation must securely attach to the outside of the primary enclosure used for transporting the dog or cat, written instructions for the in-transit food and water requirements for a 24 hour period for the dogs and cats contained in the enclosure. U.S. law permits animals to be shocked, burned, poisoned, infected with diseases, brain-damaged, and much more. Although comical, this scene may be quite accurate when describing the passion that animal lovers have when it comes to the touchy subject of animal testing. Exposure of humans to risky substances or possibly hazardous materials will also be cut down, preventing diseases and other side effects. (c) Carriers or intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperatures allowed by the standards may accept.any live rabbit.if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate executed by a veterinarian.on a specified date which shall not be more than 10 days prior to delivery of such rabbit for transportation.stating that such live rabbit is acclimated to air temperatures lower than those prescribed in sections 3.65 and 3.66. Section 2.40 Attending veterinarian and adequate veterinary care, dealers and exhibitors. (Sect. (a)(1) Any person who operates or wishes to operate as a dealer or exhibitor must have a valid license and must be at least 18 years old. 3. Ethical concerns. Subjects . This will prompt you to download a spreadsheet listing all licensees and registrants under the AWA. 3.36 (g)). The completed application, the application fee indicated in section 2.1 (d) and the annual license fee indicated in table 1 or 2 of section 2.6 are to be filed with the APHIS, AC Regional Director. Official websites use .gov 2. Section 2.75 Records: Dealers and exhibitors. Furthermore, while critics argue that laws have been issued which protect the physical and mental health of animals used as test subjects, the Animal Welfare Act is only US law that governs the use of laboratory animals. (b) Any dealer or exhibitor offering a nonhuman primate to a carrier or intermediate handler for transportation in commerce must securely attach to the outside of the primary enclosure used for transporting the nonhuman primate, written instructions for a 24 hour period for the in-transit food and water requirements of the nonhuman primate(s) contained in the enclosure. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Animal exploitation groups, Animal use groups, Animal use group examples and more. (Sect.2.126 (a)(5)). If animals are being experimented on then they have to be treated in an excellent manner to minimize their suffering. Walmart and McDonalds will be using only cage free eggs by 2025. The termanimalmeans any live or dead dog, cat, monkey (nonhuman primate mammal), guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or such other warm-blooded animal, as the Secretary may determine is being used, or is intended for use, for research, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a pet; but such term excludes (1) birds, rats of the genus Rattus, and mice of the genus Mus, bred for use in research, (2) horses not used for research purposes, and (3) other farm animals, such as, but not limited to livestock or poultry, used or intended for use as food or fiber, or livestock or poultry used or intended for use for improving animal nutrition, breeding, management, or production efficiency, or for improving the quality of food or fiber. For example, the routine docking of dogs' tails is banned but working dogs are . However, both sides agree that it would be beneficial to reduce animal suffering by finding alternatives to this practice. Many different animals are used in scientific studies such as rabbits, mice, primates, dogs, cats, pigs, and cows. The certification must be securely attached to the outside of the primary enclosure in a manner that makes it easily noticed and read. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). (h) Accompanying documents and records. Learn. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. To quote, The plan must address social grouping; enriching the environment, with special consideration for great apes; caring for infants, young juveniles, and those primates showing signs of psychological distress; and ensuring the well-being of those primates who are used in a protocol requiring restricted activity (Conlee). Visitors to zoos have the ability to get close to animals that might be dangerous or so rare that seeing them in their natural habitat might be impossible. "A licensee shall promptly notify the AC Regional Director by certified mail of any change in name, address, management, or substantial control or ownership of his business operation, or of any additional sites, within 10 days of any change." (Sect. So why mess with the works of Mother Nature? Section 2.5 Duration of license and termination of license. In the long term, organic farms save energy and protect the environment. USDA'sAnimaland Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) conducts licensing and inspections of zoos to ensure compliance with the minimum standards of care required by the Animal Welfare Act. It can also be used by anyone to understand what APHIS inspectors are observing during an inspection. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Computer Advantages and disadvantages of computer advantages of computers are : 1.computers proccess data faster 2.computers are more accurate 3.computers are efficient disadvantages of computers are: 1.they rely on electricity, hence limit their reliability 2. Such animals may need fewer veterinary interventions, use of special feed supplements, or other growth stimulants. Saves money Performing animal tests are expensive. Millions of animals are killed per year due to animal testing, so is this practice worth banning? Section 1 defines an "animal" as a vertebrate (other than a human) from the sub-phylum vertebrata of the phylum chordata. Application is to be made on a form furnished by the AC Regional Director and is to be filed with the AC Regional Director in the state in which that person operates or intends to operate. There must also be a focus on the potential for good. However, the Animal Welfare Act is the only . The Bill of Rights provides basic rights to laboratory animals, farm animals, companion animals and wildlife. effect of the Act. The Animal Welfare Act establishes requirements concerning the transportation, sale, and handling of certain animals and includes restrictions on the importation of dogs for purposes of resale, prohibitions on animal fighting ventures, and provisions intended to prevent the theft of personal pets. Action for Animals logo. Question is why, are the laboratory experiment animals are not protected and treated well. New products and medications that could save people but are considered harmful until tested on certain subjects will never be used if animal testing is no longer allowed. The government can change the consumption behavior of the consumers and the production process of livestock by intervening the market using a carrot approach so that the price system will lead the society to an efficient outcome of animal welfare. The, Food Security Act of 1985. It can fund other types of organizations that will help improve the world or resolve certain economic or social issues. Otherwise, all efforts, money and time are wasted, more so if an animal requires special treatment to obtain long-term results. According to PETA, the animals who are in research and testing shake and cower in fear whenever someone walks past their cages and their blood pressure spikes drastically. This will result in destruction of economies based on these products. The certificate is to include at least the information required in section 3.112 (c)(1)-(4). Regulation and oversight. (b) Any carrier or intermediate handler shall only accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any live rabbit in a primary enclosure which conforms to the requirements set forth in section 3.6l of the standards:Provided, however,That any carrier or intermediate handler may accept.any live rabbit.if such consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate, signed by the consignor, stating that the primary enclosure complies with section 3.61 of the standard, unless such primary enclosure is obviously defective or damaged and it is apparent that it cannot, reasonably be expected to contain the live rabbit without causing suffering or injury to such live rabbit. Pose problems with food consumption Animal meat provides a different source of protein, vitamins and minerals, something that opponents of animal rights claim that will not be found on any vegetable or fruit. (Sect. This effectively makes the use of animals as research subjects, for entertainment, clothing, food, and as beasts of burden prohibited. Inaccurate results. Most experiments carried out are completely pointless, seeing as humans and animals react to drugs differently. 12 May 2021. (Sect.2.80 (b)). (a) General. APHIS tools can help determine if you should be regulated under the AWA and apply for a license or registration. (Sect.2.126 (a)(1)). Section 3.35 Consignment to carriers and intermediate handlers. (b) "Guinea pigs shall not be housed in outdoor facilities unless such facilities are located in an appropriate climate and prior approval for such outdoor housing is obtained from the Deputy Administrator." (Sect.2.5 (b)). 3.61 (f)). (3.106 (b)(3)) . [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] 2. They improve plant growth and physiological activities of plants. (a) "No dealer, exhibitor, broker, operator of an auction sale, carrier, or intermediate handler shall, for a period of one year, destroy or dispose of, without consent in writing of the Administrator, any books, records, documents, or other paper s required to be kept and maintained under this part." The requirements for field studies are set forth in Parts 1 and 2 of 9 CFR (2022) and are indicated below. Animal welfare By Dr. Rabie Hassan Fayed Prof. of Animal Management & Behaviour 2. introduction Science, Ethics and Law Welfare science considers effects of humans on the animal from the animal's point of view Welfare ethics considers human actions towards animals Welfare legislation considers how humans must treat animals 3. Simply put, animal rights take away some human rights. (Sect.3.86 (e)). The fact that there are diverse consumers with dissimilar perspectives on the meat industry makes animal welfare a complex international public policy controversy that also needs to take economical, scientific, cultural and ethical dimensions into consideration. Some people believe that animal, The Pros And Cons Of The Animal Welfare Act. (b) A class "B" dealer shall identify all live dogs and cats as indicated in section 2.50 (b). Section 2.2 Acknowledgement of regulations and standards. (1) Each research facility, other than a Federal research facility, shall register with the Secretary by completing and filing a properly executed form, which will be furnished upon request, by the AC Regional Director for the State in which the research facility has its principal place of business, and shall be updated every 3 years by the completion and filing of a new registration form. Then again, if animals are hurt or killed because of human activities, our planets ecosystem will be damaged and will lead to destruction of all humans and non-human animals. Therefore, as part of AWICs mission, we provide information on the AWA to help people understand the law and its requirements. Without it, they experience unnecessary stress which impacts your bottom line. (e) Any dealer or exhibitor who also operates a private or contract animal pound or shelter shall comply with the following: (Sect.2.132 (e)). (c) Carriers or intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperature allowed by the standards may accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any marine mammal . if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate executed by the attending veterinarian . on a specified date which shall not be more than 10 days prior to delivery of such animal for transportation, in commerce, stating that the marine mammal is acclimated to an air temperature range lower or higher than those prescribed is sections 3.117 and 3.118. The Animal Welfare Act has improved the lives of some animals, but it leaves much to be desired, in part because farm animals don't fall under its purview. The domains of the most up-to-date Model described here are: 1 Nutrition, 2 Physical Environment, 3 Health, 4 Behavioural Interactions and 5 Mental State. Animal testing should be abolished because it is unnecessary, inaccurate, and cruel to animals. (Sect. Match. The management of the facility, at which the marine mammal died, must maintain these necropsy records for a period of 3 years and present them to Department inspectors when requested." The Animal Welfare Act was first first passed in 1876 in Britain and titled "the Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876". Moreover, not everyone can be a vegetarian, and those who are not vegan dont see anything wrong with eating meat or wearing fur, but they do take exception with their rights being imposed on. It empowers the Animal Care program of the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) to issue licenses and adopt and enforce regulations meant to protect the basic welfare of. However, this term excludes any study that involves an invasive procedure, harms, or materially alters the behavior of an animal under study. While the problem of conducting experiments on animals draws attention of the society, the speech would present the limitation of animal experiments and outline the alternatives. A mechanism of direct and frequent communication is also required so that timely and accurate information on problems of animal health, behavior, and well-being is conveyed to the attending veterinarian. Blur the lines between human and animal rights If animals are viewed as humans, distinction between the two species will be blurred. (Sect.2.40 (a)(1)). Candidates for experimental tests require special food, shelter and care that dont come cheap. 8.12 The Animal Welfare Act 2006 (which applies in England and Wales), the Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006 and the Welfare of Animals (Northern Ireland) Act 2011 contain provisions to safeguard the welfare of animals. (Sect.2.102 (a)(2)). (e) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a nonhuman primate for transport in commerce unless their animal holding area facilities meet the minimum temperature requirements provided in sections 3.91 and 3.92, or unless the consignor provides them with a certificate signed by a veterinarian and dated no more than 10 days before delivery to the carrier or intermediate handler, certifying that the animal is acclimated to temperatures lower than those that are required in sections 3.91 and 3.92.A copy of the certification must accompany the nonhuman primate to its destination and must include the information set forth in section 3.86 (e)(1)-(5) for each primary enclosure. All of these factors are expected to be made public in order to display a credible and successful scientific experiment (Kilkenny et al. (Sect. Section 3.113 Primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals. 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